浅谈“百病皆在调气血”在哈氏妇科的应用

气血理论是中医重要理论，妇科疾病应首调其气血，哈氏妇科是全国中医妇科十大流派之一，诊治疾病独具特色，哈孝廉教授宗古人"百病皆在调气血"思想，治疗崩漏、产后身痛、滑胎等妇科常见疾病，疗效显著，值得深入学习与探讨。     

The T2Bacteria Assay Is a Sensitive and Rapid Detector of Bacteremia That Can Be Initiated in the Emergency Department and Has Potential to Favorably Influence Subsequent Therapy

BackgroundBacteremia causes a major worldwide burden, in terms of financial and productivity costs, as well the morbidity and mortality it can ultimately cause. Proper treatment of bacteremia is a challenge because of the species-dependent response to antibiotics. The T2Bacteria Panel is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–cleared and culture-independent assay for detection of bacteremia, including common ESKAPE pathogens—Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa—and provides species identification in as little as 3.6 h directly from blood.ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate the T2Bacteria assay performance and potential to affect patient care in the emergency department (ED).MethodsED patients from a Louisiana and Florida center were enrolled as part of the T2Bacteria Panel clinical study, which was prospective and noninterventional. Blood samples for blood culture (BC) and T2Bacteria were matched in time and anatomic location.ResultsData from 137 ED patients were evaluated. Relative to BC, T2Bacteria showed 100% positive percent agreement and 98.4% negative percent agreement. In addition, for species on the T2Bacteria Panel, the T2Bacteria assay detected 25% more positives associated with infection, and on average identified the infectious species 56.6 h faster. The T2Bacteria assay covered 70.5% of all species detected by BC. Finally, relative to actual care, the T2Bacteria assay could have potentially focused therapy in 8 patients, reduced time to a species-directed therapy in 4 patients, and reduced time to effective therapy in 4 patients.ConclusionsIn this ED population, the T2Bacteria assay was a rapid and sensitive detector of bacteremia from common ESKAPE pathogens and showed the theoretical potential to influence subsequent patient therapy, ranging from antibiotic de-escalation to faster time to effective therapy.     

Electronic health records,adoption, quality of care,legal and privacy issues and their implementation in emergency departments

Recently, the healthcare sector has shown a growing interest in information technologies. Two popular health IT (HIT) products are the electronic health record (EHR) and health information exchange (HIE) networks. The introduction of these tools is believed to improve care, but has also raised some important questions and legal and privacy issues. The implementation of these systems has not gone smoothly, and still faces some considerable barriers. This article reviews EHR and HIE to address these obstacles, and analyzes the current state of development and adoption in various countries around the world. Moreover, legal and ethical concerns that may be encountered by EHR users and purchasers are reviewed. Finally, links and interrelations between EHR and HIE and several quality of care issues in today's healthcare domain are examined with a focus on EHR and HIE in the emergency department (ED), whose unique characteristics makes it an environment in which the implementation of such technology may be a major contributor to health, but also faces substantial challenges. The paper ends with a discussion of specific policy implications and recommendations based on an examination of the current limitations of these systems.     

郑州市三甲医院急诊科护士道德困境与职业倦怠的现状及相关性研究

目的 调查郑州市三甲医院急诊科护士的道德困境与职业倦怠的现状,并分析两者之间的相关性。方法 采用便利抽样法选取郑州市5所三甲医院的228名急诊科护士作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、中文版护士道德困境量表、护士职业倦怠量表对其进行问卷调查。结果 郑州市三甲医院急诊科护士道德困境总分为(49.41±13.35)分,职业倦怠总分为(63.51±17.25)分。单因素分析显示,不同学历、工作年限的急诊护士的道德困境得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=4.830,P=0.015; F=6.302,P=0.001);不同年龄急诊护士的职业倦怠得分比较,差异有统计学意义 (F=8.328,P=0.005),急诊科护士道德困境与职业倦怠呈正关性(r=0.412,P<0.05)。结论 郑州市三甲医院急诊科护士的道德困境与职业倦怠普遍存在,护士的道德困境与职业倦怠呈正相关。     

PBL联合PDG在临床医学系高年级医学生中的应用

目的研究以问题为导向的教学方法(PBL)联合问题—讨论—指导(PDG)教学模式在临床医学系高年级医学生培养中的应用效果。方法选取2018年1月—2019年1月临床医学系高年级医学生134例,按随机数字表分为对照组(67例)与研究组(67例),对照组学生采用传统的教学模式,研究组学生采用PBL联合PDG教学模式,比较两组学生理论考试成绩、教学质量与教学效果评分。结果研究组学生的总成绩、教学质量优良率、教学效果各项评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在临床医学系高年级医学生培养中应用PBL联合PDG教学模式,可以有效提高学生对理论知识的掌握与教学效果,提高教学质量。     

The Effect of Homelessness on Patient Wait Times in the Emergency Department

BackgroundProlonged emergency department (ED) wait times could potentially lead to increased morbidity and mortality. While previous work has demonstrated disparities in wait times associated with race, information about the relationship between experiencing homelessness and ED wait times is lacking.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between residence status (undomiciled vs. domiciled) and ED wait times. We hypothesized that being undomiciled would be associated with longer wait times.MethodsWe obtained data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2014 to 2017. We compared wait times in each triage category using t tests. We used multivariate linear regression to explore associations between residence status and wait times while controlling for other patient- and hospital-level variables.ResultsOn average, undomiciled patients experienced significantly longer mean ED wait times than domiciled patients (53.4 vs. 38.9 min; p < 0.0001). In the multivariate model, undomiciled patients experienced significantly different wait times by 15.5 min (p = 0.0002). Undomiciled patients experienced increasingly longer waits vs. domiciled patients for the emergent and urgent triage categories (+33.5 min, p < 0.0001, and +22.7 min, p < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsUndomiciled patients experience longer ED wait times when compared with domiciled patients. This disparity is not explained by undomiciled patients seeking care in the ED for minor illness, because the disparity is more pronounced for urgent and emergent triage categories.     

自膨式聚氨酯泡沫在致命性出血模型中的应用

目的:在致死性肝创伤大出血动物模型中评价自膨式聚氨酯泡沫（self-expanding polyurethane polymer，SPUP）的止血效果。方法:建立猪致死性肝创伤大出血模型，进行损伤控制性液体复苏，致伤后30 min将实验动物随机（随机数字法）分为纱布填塞组（gauze packing group，GP），泡沫材料填塞组（foam packing group，FP）和对照组（blank control group，BC），每组各6只。监测48 h记录生存时间、生命体征、失血量、凝血功能及血液指标，并于死亡或处死后行肝创面组织病理学检查。结果:建模后三组动物均出现严重的失血性休克，其中FP组、GP组48 h生存率显著高于BC组（6/6 vs 4/6 vs 0/6）。FP组生存时间与GP组差异无统计学意义[48 h vs （44.58±5.53） h， P>0.05],与BC组相比显著延长[48 h vs （1.64±0.17） h， P<0.01]。FP组出血量明显少于GP组和BC组[（19.2±7.3） g/kg vs （41.3±8.6） g/kg、（51.5±7.3） g/kg，均 P<0.01]。与GP组和BC组相比，FP组的心输出量有明显改善[（5.0±0.53） L/min vs （4.13±0.41） L/min、（2.38±0.48） L/min，均 P<0.05]。FP组与GP组凝血功能、肝肾功能及血乳酸水平均好于BC组；FP组膀胱压明显高于GP组[（18.83±3.25） cmH 2O vs （3.83±1.47） cmH 2O, P<0.05, 1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa]，BC组未见膀胱压异常增高。FP组组织病理学未见明显继发性损伤。 结论:应用SPUP行腹腔填塞止血可以有效减少致死性肝创伤大出血模型的出血量，有效维持生命体征，提高短期生存率。     

神经内科实习医师血管超声教学的问题及改进方法

血管超声知识是神经内科实习同学的重要学习内容之一,但传统本科教学中对血管超声部分内容局限,使进入神经内科实习的医师血管超声基础知识薄弱,且还存在实践操作的缺乏、教学方式单一等问题,不能在短期内较好的理解及掌握血管超声知识,使得实习效果欠佳。本研究通过对神经内科实习医师血管超声教学中存在的问题进行分析,提出改进方法,可以通过加强实习医师对血管超声的解剖和血流动力学的学习,打牢基础知识,同时将实习医师进行分组,互为模特进行操作实践,在操作实践中加深理论知识的理解和应用。同时还可采用微课等多媒体教学方式,提高实习医师的学习兴趣,显著提高实习效果。     

新冠肺炎疫情防控某三甲精神病专科医院应急指挥体系成效分析

本研究目的是总结某三甲精神病专科医院在新冠肺炎疫情防控工作中应急指挥体系建设的经验,为响应公共卫生应急决策提供参考。结合四川省精神卫生中心(绵阳市第三人民医院)在新冠肺炎疫情防控中的应急指挥工作开展情况,从建立应急指挥体系、再造院内诊疗流程、强化防控知识培训、开展疫情防控心理干预等方面,总结精神病专科医院应急指挥体系建设的经验和教训。